Sazetak

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Rusmir Mahmutćehajić, Bauk bosanstva - u anesteziji i poslije, Sarajevo, Dobra knjiga, 2022.

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Nick Trakakis, The End of Philosophy of Religion, Continuum, London – New York, 2008.

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This paper presents the basic principles and main themes of the traditional school through the texts of its most important representatives. The author views the traditional school as an esoteric paradigm that aims to democratize religious truths. While the traditional school glorifies tradition, the author sees it as a typical expression of modern or even postmodern times. The aim of the paper is to critically examine the relationship between the traditional school and Islamic doctrine. A considerable number of traditionalists converted to Islam, but starting point of its doctrine is not Islam.  

Ključne riječi: perennial philosophy, traditional school, primordial tradition, modernity, esoterism,islam

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This paper discusses translations of William C. Chittick’s works into Bosnian language, giving certain remarks about them and providing a short biography of the author. The paper shows that numerous books and articles of this renowned American researcher of the classical Islamic philosophy and Sufism have recently been translated into Bosnian language. In 2019, the translations of three of his books were published, so it may not be farfetched to say that a kind of translation movement has been taking place. We assume that the reason for this phenomenon lies in the simplicity of Chittick’s language which he deploys to explain the deepest truths of Islam in a fluent, erudite and academic way. At the same time, his works do not lose comprehensiveness and diligence. Hence one can speak about a considerable influence of his works on Bosnian readers.

Keywords: William C. Chittick, biography, translations, books, articles, Bosnian language, classical Islamic philosophy, Sufism

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Conservatism is a political theory, the principal idea of which is the necessity of preserving traditional value systems and institutions. Although described as a theory, conservatism is anything but a systematic, orderly and explicit construct: in general, it appears rather like an inherent disposition towards ancient ways with a deep rejection of democratic faith in the principles of individualism, progress, freedom and equality. Since the French Revolution, conservatism has taken different forms: what is particularly treated in this paper is a particular type of conservatism based on the ideas of the Traditionalist School, which, in the twentieth century, gave birth to a powerful critique of modernity, while, at the same time, the founders of the school were not attached to any political current. As a school without a clear political orientation, but with politically relevant ideas, Traditionalism was seen as an almost perfect ideological foundation for various right-wing political movements, which often do not embody the spirit of this school. The task of this paper is to distinguish what really could be the political perspective of traditionalist conservatism, from that what many modernists, disillusioned with the modern world, try to present that it is in a political sense.

Keywords: modernity, enlightenment, progress, democracy, freedom, human rights, morality, confessionalism.

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A conclusion is “the royal road to philosophy”. It does not exist, but is insisted upon. It is meant to be a compilation of what has been accumulated in the text. All the images and experiences of a journey are to be expressed by the goal. The search for a conclusion is the confirmation of a world reduced to a syllogism. A soul travelling towards the Universal would benefit more from a reminiscence of the journey and its highlights than from a conclusion. This text is focused on emphasising the importance of translation as a journey of one’s own, renouncing hearsay views and, in particular, expressing the significance of comparing the human God with the almost inoperable to be contained in every individuality. Chittick surmises and records. He translates and establishes. While translating, he enables those less informed of the original texts to discern their own paths. His thought is essentially interpretative. Without any pretension to statements uncorroborated by translated texts, Chittick is a testimony to the beauty of an inspired interpretation suggesting new possible roads.

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In his paper on “Discovery of what is hidden, Finding what is lost”, Rusmir Mahmutćehajić offers thoughts on three aspects of the anthropocosmological perspective of the intellectual heritage of prophetic universalism. Concerned primarily with questions and possible answers on how the absolute and contingent are related in existence as a whole and on humanity’s position as focalising observer of the world and the boundary between the known and unknown. The essay is divided into three related parts – the Most Beautiful Example, Realisation, and In the beauty of the Face. Perfected humanity mirrors fully all that exists, so that the path for ascent it offers culminates in self-realisation in the fullness of existence’s reason and purpose, in fact in the discovery of all existence as manifesting the Absolute in beauty, His presence in the contingent. The author locates his mediations within a broader presentation of the Muslim intellectual tradition as described by William C. Chittick in his comprehensive scholarly body of work.

Keywords: religion, islam, realisation, beauty, intelectual tradittion, William C. Chittick

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In this work, we endeavored to point out the broader framework of the Islamic intellectual tradition, which is essentially calmed in the content of Islamic philosophy and Sufism as a form of intellectual or thinking Islam. The essential object of our focus in the narrower content framework was our focus on intellectual knowledge ('ilm 'aqlī, ma'rifa) on whose universal value the intellectual tradition of Islam is based, as opposed to the traditional knowledge ('ilm naqlī) that establishes the juridical, ethical-moral and dogmatic aspect of applied or practicing Islam. The primordial human nature (fitra), exposed to the influence of the light of these two types of knowledge in the thinking tradition of Islam, appears at the same time as an ontological and epistemological theater (al-majlā) within which the Word of God, under the macrocosmic and sacred-historical view, is constantly transforming it (the human nature) and through its continuous spiritual and moral-ethical transformation, it puts on a luxurious interpretative and hermeneutic garb.

Keywords: islam, intellectual tradition, knowledge, epistemology, sufism

Rešid Hafizović
INTELEKTUALNO I TRADIRANO ZNANJE U ISLAMU

Rusmir Mahmutćehajić
OTKRIVANJE SKRIVENOG, NALAŽENJE IZGUBLJENOG
 

Sead Alić
CHITTICKOVO RAZUMIJEVANJE UNIVERZALNOG ČOVJEKA
 

Asim Delibašić
TRADICIONALISTIČKI KONZERVATIVIZAM
 

Haris Dubravac
WILLIAM C. CHITTICK U BOSNI
 

Samedin Kadić
PERENIJALNA FILOZOFIJA I RASKORJENJIVANJE ISLAMA
 

Nick Trakakis
THE END OF PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

Rusmir Mahmutćehajić
BAUK BOSANSTVA
 

Jim Wolfreys
REPUBLIC OF ISLAMOPHOBIA

Abstract:

Adnan Silajdžić; Samir Beglerović,  Islamic creed of Abu Hanifa, El-Kalem, Sarajevo, 2016.

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Catherine Mills, Biopolitics, Routledge, New York, 2018.

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Ronald Dworkin, Religion Without God, Harvard University Press, 2013.

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Tomislav Tadić, Ecclesia Leviathana: sociogenesis of convergent political religions, Academia Analitica,

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Boško Pešić,  Introduction to philosophy of existence, Logos, Tuzla, 2021.

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Boris Bosančić, (Post)ničeancije - nesuvremena razmatranja jednog ničeanca, Tim Press, Zagreb, 2021.

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The appearance of the "holy man" can be found in many historical and still-existing religions. Along these lines, the purpose of this study is to provide a panoramic and comparative overview of an understanding of the phenomenon of the "holy man" in circum-Mediterranean religions (ancient folk religions, Judaism and Christianity). The viewpoint from which the topic is treated is the classical phenomenology of religion. The authors present and analyze the phenomenon of the holy man in three cultures/religions close to the time of the New Testament and try to answer the question: what is the meaning and role of a holy man in religion? In the first part of the work, the concepts of philosophers/priests in Greek and Roman religions are sketched, then prophets, rabbis, and righteous people in Judaism and ascetics and hermits in Christianity. The second part of the paper tries to synthetically answer the question of the role of the "holy man" in the mentioned religious traditions; thus, it is revealed that the holy man is a "friend and knower of God", "a sanctifier of the world and man", "a meeting place with the holy", "a mediator between the divine and the human" and a key social factor within his community. In conclusion, it is shown that for pagans the holy man is mainly a philosopher, in Judaism, he has primarily a social-religious function, while for Christians he is a unique image of Jesus Christ. They are, each for their religion, a living embodiment of all the important values that a religious person strives for. And yet, all of them are decorated with the same virtues and values: diligent work to acquire sacred knowledge, disdain for vain pleasures, and, most importantly, closeness to other people manifested in different ways.
 

Keywords: phenomenology of religion, holy man, Greek and Roman religions, Judaism, Christianity

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The aim of this paper is to examine the ways in which Heidegger approximates Kant's exposition of the subjectivity of the subject to his definition of there-being (Dasein). The subjectivity of the subject is presented by the a priori given abilities of the "I", which are the basis of the possibility of every experience and morality of the subject. The paper analyses Heidegger's interpretation of the power of imagination, apprehension, recognition of apperception and moral feeling. The analysis of Heidegger's thinking of Kant's definition of the subjectivity of the subject based on the destruction of the history of ontology shows it is possible to bring the incompatible into nearness; incompatible, because Heidegger's definition of being-in-the-world of there-being starts with a critique of the object-relationship of the subject. Heidegger, understanding Kant's philosophy on the basis of his own thought, reduces the subjectivity of the subject to the temporality of being "I" by basing apperception and the power of imagination in time, and the possibility of the authenticity of existence, which is shown as responsibility for one's own dignity of Kant's moral feeling.
 

Keywords: apperception, power of imagination, Kant, Heidegger, moral feeling

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Compared to many other countries and nations, the Bosnian issue has the longest history. It has been taking place continuously from the Ottoman, through Austro-Hungarian, and the two Yugoslav periods all the way to the present day. What gives hope for its resolution today is that the main world power, the USA, is establishing political and social relations on the principles of liberalism and human rights, such that a new solution to this issue will be found within these frameworks, and not within ethnopolitical frameworks, as it has been unsuccessfully contemplated and pursued by Europe and Russia.

The fundamental principles of the political Serbo-Croatian contestation of Bosnia, Bosniaks and Bosnians are a combination of historical, cultural, religious, political and economic factors of its past, from the earliest times of its existence until today. Some say everything is Serbian there and that's why it's pan-Serbian, and others say everything is Croatian and that's why it's pan-Croatian. The purpose of these two ideologies individually and together is the denationalization of Bosniaks/Bosnians and the ontological desubstantialization and destatization of the state of Bosnia, both throughout history and today. However, their mutual exclusivity over Bosnia confirms that both are untrue and a priori constructions.

The political past and present of Bosnia, in its essence, depends on the West. However, while the West is fighting against the idea of a Russian world in Ukraine, at the same time, it supports the idea of a Croatian world and a Serbian world in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Some time ago, it formed the RS on the wings of the doctrine of the Serbian world, just as today, through changes in the electoral law of BH, it supports the ethnocentric doctrine of the Croatian world in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, if Russia loses the war in Ukraine, not only in the military sense, but also in the political sense, if it loses the status of a world political power, then a completely different political future of the Western Balkans can be expected. However, the question is whether the West will want to do that for its own sake.

Bosnian national identity is established on the values and the characteristics common to all Bosnians and Herzegovinians, all ethnic communities, and all citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Common Bosnian values are numerous and diverse, but they are still in a serious historical political crisis. This is not specific to Bosnia at all, due to the administrative-political imposition and dominance of the dual national identities of Serbs and Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina, on one hand, and the subnational identity of Bosniaks on the other. However, under the influence of factors that produce crises of national political identities, such as: modernization, economic development and urbanization, there is a weakening of the dual national identities of Serbs and Croats and the subnational identity of Bosniaks, on one hand, and the strengthening of the civic national identity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the other.
 

Keywords: Bosnian political issue, civic national identity, dual national identity, subnational identity

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Even though Freud and Lacan didn't deal with political philosophy, their theories made a significant influence on poststructuralist political theory. Freud’s myth on the killing of the father is fundamental for understanding the emergence of modern state, democratic and organized society. Namely, according to this myth, Father and the leader of the horde appropriates all women of the horde for himself, whereas out of fear of being left without them, he banishes all male children from the family community. Jealous brothers return to the horde, kill the father, dismember his body and each of them appropriates a wife for himself. Because of the killing of the father brothers start to feel quilt which leads Freud to conclude that the dead father becomes stronger when dead then while he was alive. One can perceive from this theory the way in which monogamous relations replace the polygamous ones and absolutism is transformed into an equal participation of all citizens in the government. In other words, this tells us about the transformation of a disorganized society into a modern and organized state. Lacan’s theory shows that the main characteristic of the subject is deficiency which is the consequence of entering the figure of father into the relationship between a child and a mother and his prevention to realize their desire. Since the father prevented this relationship, the subject remains forever marked by the principle of desire he was denied realizing. In Freud’s theory about the killing of the father and his understanding of the excessive closeness and equality among brothers, Jacques Derrida notices traces of democracy. However, democracy that emerged on the fundaments of fraternocracy excludes all those who do not belong to the order of brothers (for example sisters or brothers from another family). Democracy accepts only those who are same and who can be subsumed under the order of male principle. Derrida therefore assumes that the classic definition of democracy which considered its members equal and close should be transformed into political order based on distance. Namely, according to Derrida, along with the fraternity, notion of friendship is also crucial for democracy. It represents the fundament of a political community, but also a stumbling stone of contemporary political theory and democratic social order. A friend is the one who is close and who is appropriated. According to ancient theories, a true friend should have his own duplicate or a copy in a friend. It means that friends are similar, same, or close, and in order that two people be friends, they cannot differ from each other. Derrida thinks that friendship as fraternity and excessive closeness causes conflict. Fraternity creates hatred towards those who do not belong to the order of brothers. Because of that, fraternal relationships and excessive friendship should be reconsidered because they lead to wars and conflicts. True democracy without potential conflict is the one which excludes brothers and friendship and accepts hatred and distance. Like Derrida, Jean-Luc Nancy claims that authentic community is the one which includes distance and particularity. Namely, he analyses Lacan’s statement that “there is no sexual relation” as a state in which both subjects have their own perception of sexual phantasy. According to Nancy, Lacan’s statement explains in the best way the concept of community in which there is no possibility of identification. “There is no sexual relation” does not only mean that each subject has its own desire which cannot be imbedded into the desire of the other subject – partner, but that each individual is unique and different. Because of their uniqueness and otherness there is no possibility of forming a communion, but only a community in which individuals live without closeness and sameness.
 

Keywords: fraternity; friendship; citizen; difference; particularity; Freud; Lacan; Derrida; Nancy;

Bernard HARBAŠ
U NESVJESNOM STANUJE POLITIČKO: DEMOKRATIJA KAO BRATOKRATIJE
 

Enver HALILOVIĆ
BOSANSKO NACIONALNO PITANJE U GRANICAMA DVOJNIH I PODNACIONALNIH IDENTITETA
 

Martina VOLAREVIĆ
TEMELJI ONTOLOGIJE TUBITKA U KANTOVU ODREĐENJU SUBJEKTA
 

Dominik BLAŽUN - Danijel TOLVAJČIĆ
ZNAČENJE I ULOGE SVETOG ČOVJEKA U CIRKUMMEDITERANSKIM RELIGIJAMA
 

Boris BOSANČIĆ
(POST)NIČEANCIJE - NESUVREMENA RAZMATRANJA JEDNOG NIČEANCA
 

Boško PEŠIĆ
UVOĐENJE U FILOZOFIJU EGZISTENCIJE
 

Tomislav TADIĆ
ECCLESIA LEVIATHANA:SOCIOGENEZA KONVERGENTNIH POLITIČKIH RELIGIJA
 

Ronald DWORKIN
RELIGION WITHOUT GOD
 

Katherine MILLS
BIOPOLITICS
 

Adnan SILAJDŽIĆ - Samir BEGLEROVIĆ
 

AKAIDSKA UČENJA EBU HANIFE