Sazetak
Abstract:
Conservatism is a political theory, the principal idea of which is the necessity of preserving traditional value systems and institutions. Although described as a theory, conservatism is anything but a systematic, orderly and explicit construct: in general, it appears rather like an inherent disposition towards ancient ways with a deep rejection of democratic faith in the principles of individualism, progress, freedom and equality. Since the French Revolution, conservatism has taken different forms: what is particularly treated in this paper is a particular type of conservatism based on the ideas of the Traditionalist School, which, in the twentieth century, gave birth to a powerful critique of modernity, while, at the same time, the founders of the school were not attached to any political current. As a school without a clear political orientation, but with politically relevant ideas, Traditionalism was seen as an almost perfect ideological foundation for various right-wing political movements, which often do not embody the spirit of this school. The task of this paper is to distinguish what really could be the political perspective of traditionalist conservatism, from that what many modernists, disillusioned with the modern world, try to present that it is in a political sense.
Keywords: modernity, enlightenment, progress, democracy, freedom, human rights, morality, confessionalism.
Abstract:
Konzervativizam je politička teorija kojoj je počelna ideja nužnost očuvanja tradicionalnih institucija i sistema vrijednosti. Iako opisan kao teorija, konzervativizam je sve osim sistematičan, uređen i eksplicitan konstrukt: on se, u generalnom, prije doima kao inherentna dispozicija ka starinskim putevima sa dubokim odbacivanjem demokratske vjere u počela individualizma, progresa, slobode, i jednakosti. Od Francuske revolucije na ovamo, konzervativizam je poprimao različite forme: ono što se posebice tretira u ovome radu jeste specifična vrsta konzervativizma zasnovanog na idejama Tradicionalističke škole koja je, u dvadesetom stoljeću, porodila moćnu kritiku modernosti, dok se, u isto vrijeme, njeni utemeljivači nisu vezali ni za jedan politički pravac. Kao škola bez jasne političke orijentacije, ali sa politički relevantnim idejama, Tradicionalizam je viđen kao gotovo savršen ideološki temelj za različite desničarske političke pokrete, koji počesto ne utjelovljuju duh ove škole. Zadatak ovoga rada jeste da razluči ono što bi zaista mogla biti politička perspektiva tradicionalističkog konzervativizma od onoga što mnogi modernisti, razočarani modernim svijetom, nastoje predstaviti da ona u političkom smislu jeste.
Ključne riječi: modernost, prosvjetiteljstvo, progres, demokratija, slobode, ljudska prava, moral, konfesionalizam.